If your dog has started slowing down, hesitating before jumping onto the couch, or seems stiff after a nap, it could be more than just "getting older." These are often some of the earliest signs of arthritis in dogs.

Arthritis is one of the most common causes of chronic pain in dogs, particularly as they age. The good news is that spotting the symptoms early and starting supportive care can help your dog stay active, comfortable, and happy for longer.

In this guide, we'll explain the most common signs of arthritis in dogs, what causes it, how it's diagnosed, and what you can do to help.

What is arthritis in dogs?

Arthritis (also called osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease) occurs when the protective cartilage inside a joint gradually wears away. Without this cushioning, the bones begin rubbing against each other, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Although arthritis can't be reversed, it can often be managed very successfully with the right combination of treatments and lifestyle changes.

Early signs of arthritis in dogs

Many dogs are incredibly good at hiding pain, which means arthritis often develops gradually before owners notice anything is wrong.

Here are some of the most common early warning signs.

1. Stiffness after resting

One of the classic symptoms is stiffness after your dog wakes up.

You might notice your dog:

• Walks stiffly after sleeping
• Takes a minute or two to loosen up
• Appears much better once they've been moving for a while

This is often one of the earliest signs of joint inflammation.

2. Reluctance to jump or climb stairs

If your dog suddenly avoids:

• Jumping into the car
• Climbing stairs
• Getting onto the bed or couch
• Playing on uneven ground

it could be because these activities have become painful.

Many owners mistake this for laziness or ageing, when it's actually discomfort.

3. Slowing down on walks

Dogs with arthritis often:

• Walk more slowly
• Tire earlier than usual
• Want to head home sooner
• Stop more frequently during walks

You may also notice they struggle more after longer walks.

4. Limping or favouring one leg

An intermittent limp - especially after exercise or first thing in the morning - can be an important sign.

The limp may:

• Come and go
• Switch between legs
• Become more noticeable in cold weather

Even if it disappears later in the day, it's worth investigating.

5. Difficulty standing up

Dogs with sore joints often have trouble rising from:

• Their bed
• Hard floors
• The grass outside

You may notice them:

• Rock forward before standing
• Push themselves up slowly
• Need several attempts

6. Less interest in playing

A dog that once loved fetch may suddenly seem less enthusiastic.

Instead of being excited to chase a ball, they may:

• Quit earlier
• Avoid rough play
• Prefer resting
• Sleep more during the day

Pain often reduces a dog's willingness to exercise.

7. Changes in behaviour

Pain doesn't always look physical.

Dogs experiencing chronic discomfort may become:

• Irritable
• Less tolerant of being touched
• More withdrawn
• Less social
• Anxious

Sometimes the only noticeable sign is a change in personality.

8. Licking joints

Some dogs repeatedly lick painful joints.

Common areas include:

• Wrists
• Elbows
• Knees
• Hips

While licking doesn't always mean arthritis, persistent attention to one joint should be checked by your veterinarian.

9. Muscle loss

As dogs become less active due to pain, muscles - particularly around the back legs - can gradually shrink.

Reduced muscle mass often makes arthritis worse because the joints receive less support.

10. Difficulty after exercise

A dog may appear fine during a walk but become noticeably stiff later that day or the following morning.

Delayed soreness is a common sign that joints are struggling with activity.

What causes arthritis in dogs?

Several factors increase the risk of developing arthritis.

Age

The older a dog becomes, the more likely their joints have experienced years of wear and tear.

Previous injuries

Old injuries such as:

• Torn cruciate ligaments
• Fractures
• Joint trauma

can increase the likelihood of arthritis later in life.

Hip or elbow dysplasia

Some dogs are born with abnormal joint development, leading to earlier cartilage wear.

Excess weight

Extra body weight places additional stress on already painful joints.

Even modest weight loss can significantly improve mobility.

Breed

Large and giant breeds are generally at higher risk, including:

• Labrador Retrievers
• Golden Retrievers
• German Shepherds
• Rottweilers
• Bernese Mountain Dogs

However, arthritis can affect dogs of any size.

How is arthritis diagnosed?

Your veterinarian will usually perform:

• A physical examination
• Joint manipulation
• Observation of your dog's gait
• Review of symptoms

In many cases, X-rays are recommended to assess joint damage and rule out other conditions.

Early diagnosis allows treatment to begin before mobility declines further.

How to help a dog with arthritis

While arthritis isn't curable, many dogs continue living active, enjoyable lives with appropriate management.

Treatment may include:

Weight management

Keeping your dog at a healthy weight is one of the most effective ways to reduce stress on painful joints.

Gentle, regular exercise

Instead of occasional long walks, aim for:

• Short daily walks
• Swimming
• Controlled play
• Low-impact activities

Consistency is usually better than intense exercise.

Joint supplements

Many veterinarians recommend supplements containing ingredients such as:

• Glucosamine
• Chondroitin
• Green-lipped mussel
• Omega-3 fatty acids

These may help support joint health in some dogs.

Pain relief

Prescription anti-inflammatory medications can significantly improve comfort when recommended by your veterinarian.

Never give human pain medications unless specifically instructed, as many are toxic to dogs.

Physical therapy

Hydrotherapy, massage, stretching, and rehabilitation exercises can improve strength and mobility.

Supportive joint therapy

Many pet owners also incorporate supportive therapies designed to promote comfort around affected joints. Products such as the PawRestore Red Light Therapy Mobility Wrap provide gentle infrared warmth around areas like the knee, hip, elbow, or shoulder, helping support circulation and relaxation as part of a broader arthritis management plan.

Can arthritis be prevented?

Not entirely - but you can reduce the risk by:

• Keeping your dog at a healthy weight
• Providing regular exercise
• Avoiding repetitive high-impact activity
• Feeding a balanced diet
• Managing injuries promptly
• Starting joint support early for at-risk breeds

When should you see a veterinarian?

Book a veterinary appointment if your dog:

• Is limping
• Shows persistent stiffness
• Avoids stairs or jumping
• Seems painful when touched
• Has sudden mobility changes
• Stops enjoying normal activities

Early treatment can slow progression and significantly improve quality of life.

Help your dog stay active for longer

Arthritis develops gradually, but the earlier you recognise the signs, the sooner you can take steps to improve your dog's comfort.

Small changes - like noticing stiffness after naps or hesitation on stairs - can make a big difference when addressed early. Combined with veterinary guidance, healthy lifestyle habits, and supportive therapies, you can help your dog move more comfortably and enjoy more of the activities they love.

At PawRestore, our mission is simple: help your dog move pain-free again.